Adopting a child is one of the most rewarding experiences a family can have, but it also comes with emotional and financial challenges. To help make adoption more affordable, the IRS offers specific tax benefits that can reduce your out-of-pocket costs and make the process less stressful.

At BackTaxCentral, I believe families should understand how adoption tax credits work before filing, so they can take full advantage of every available dollar. Here are the most important facts about adoption-related tax savings.

1. The Adoption Tax Credit Can Offset Major Expenses

The IRS allows adoptive parents to claim a nonrefundable credit for qualified adoption expenses. For 2024, the maximum credit is $16,810 per eligible child. This credit directly reduces the amount of tax you owe dollar for dollar.

If your total credit is more than your tax liability, you can carry the remaining amount forward for up to five years. Although the credit is not refundable, it can make a meaningful difference for families navigating the costs of adoption.

2. Qualified Adoption Expenses Include More Than You Think

The IRS defines qualified expenses as reasonable and necessary costs directly related to the legal adoption of a child. These may include:

• Adoption fees and court costs

• Attorney and agency fees

• Travel and lodging expenses during the adoption process

• Other directly related expenses

Expenses for surrogate arrangements, stepchild adoptions, or illegal adoptions do not qualify for the credit.

3. Income Limits Apply to the Credit

The adoption credit begins to phase out for higher-income taxpayers. For the 2024 tax year, it starts phasing out at a modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) of $223,410 and is completely phased out at $263,410.

Families with income below the threshold can typically claim the full credit, while those above it will receive a reduced amount or none at all.

4. You Must File to Claim the Credit

To claim the adoption credit, you must file Form 8839, Qualified Adoption Expenses, with your tax return. You’ll need to include identifying information about the adopted child, the year the adoption became final, and total qualified expenses.

If you adopt a U.S. child with special needs, you may be able to claim the full credit even if you had few or no qualified expenses. This rule helps families who adopt children requiring additional support or care.

5. Adopting Internationally Has Different Timing Rules

For domestic adoptions, you can claim qualifying expenses in the year after they are paid, even if the adoption has not been finalized. For international adoptions, you can only claim expenses in the year the adoption is completed.

This distinction is important for timing your tax filings and ensuring your documentation aligns with IRS requirements.

6. Employer-Provided Adoption Assistance May Be Excludable from Income

Many employers offer adoption assistance programs that reimburse part of the adoption costs. You may be able to exclude up to $16,810 per child from your taxable income for 2024 if your employer offers such a benefit.

However, you cannot claim the same expense for both the income exclusion and the adoption tax credit. Carefully track which expenses are covered by your employer and which are not to avoid duplication.

7. Keep Detailed Documentation

The IRS may request proof of adoption-related expenses, so keeping organized records is essential. Save every receipt, invoice, travel confirmation, and legal document related to your adoption.

If you adopted through an agency, keep a breakdown of their fees, including what portion covered legal services, travel, and placement. Accurate documentation helps prevent delays and supports your claim if the IRS requests verification.

8. You Can Claim the Credit for Each Adopted Child

If you adopted more than one child, you can claim a separate credit for each. The income limit applies to your total income, but the maximum credit is calculated per child. This can significantly increase your overall benefit if you adopted siblings or multiple children in the same year.

9. Special Rules for Children with Special Needs

If you adopt a child officially classified as having special needs by a state or local authority, you are generally eligible for the full credit even if you had minimal or no qualifying expenses. The purpose of this rule is to encourage the adoption of children who require additional resources.

You’ll need a written statement from the state agency confirming the child’s special needs designation to qualify.

10. Combining Credits and Future Planning

If you receive the adoption credit and employer-provided assistance, you can benefit from both as long as they apply to different expenses. For example, if your employer reimburses legal fees, you can still claim the credit for travel and lodging costs.

Additionally, because the credit is nonrefundable, it’s smart to plan your tax filings over several years to ensure you maximize the benefit.

How AI Helps Families Simplify Adoption Tax Filing

Artificial intelligence is making it easier for families to organize adoption documents, calculate credits, and ensure eligibility. AI-powered tools can scan receipts, categorize expenses, and even project how much of the credit you can claim this year versus what can be carried forward.

At BackTaxCentral, we use AI-based educational tools to simplify these complex tax areas. With better insight, families can spend less time worrying about paperwork and more time focusing on their new beginnings.

Final Thoughts: A Financial Boost for Growing Families

Adoption changes lives, and these tax benefits help make it financially possible for more families. By keeping records, understanding the rules, and planning ahead, you can claim the credit confidently and reduce the stress of tax season.

At BackTaxCentral, I believe every family deserves clarity and calm during life’s biggest transitions. Knowing how to claim your adoption-related tax savings gives you the peace of mind to focus on what really matters—welcoming your child home.